National Indigenous Peoples Day
National Indigenous Peoples Day, celebrated on June 21, recognizes and honours the traditions, cultures and contributions of First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples.
The day invites all Canadians to learn about Indigenous histories and the impacts of colonization. The date coincides with the summer solstice, a time of renewal and significance for many Indigenous communities.
June is also National Indigenous History Month
Learn more about the history and importance of the Month and how you can participate.
History of National Indigenous Peoples Day
- 1982: The National Indian Brotherhood (now the Assembly of First Nations) called for the creation of a National Aboriginal Solidarity Day as a day of recognition.
- 1990: Quebec recognized June 21 as a day to celebrate Indigenous culture.
- 1990: The Kanesatake Resistance (also known as the Oka Crisis) resulted in a 78-day standoff between Mohawk people and authorities in Oka, Quebec. The standoff led to violent clashes and a fatal shootout, with the deployment of the Canadian Army.
- 1995: The Ipperwash Crisis was the result of the expropriation of the Stoney Point Indian Band (now known as the Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point First Nation) reserve land by the federal government for use as a military camp in 1942. After repeated requests from the First Nation for the land to be returned, members of the Stoney Point Indian Band occupied the camp in 1993 and in 1995. On September 4, 1995, protesters also occupied Ipperwash Provincial Park nearby. The tension between the protesters and the Ontario Provincial Police increased, resulting in a lethal confrontation on during which an unarmed, Ojibwa man, Anthony “Dudley” George, was killed.
- 1995: The Sacred Assembly, a national conference of Indigenous and non-Indigenous people called for a national holiday to honour Indigenous contributions. The tensions between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people due to the Oka and Ipperwash Crises spurred renewed calls for a national day of recognition.
- 1996: Governor General Roméo LeBlanc declared June 21 of each year as “National Aboriginal Day.” This was the result of consultations and statements of support for such a day made by various Indigenous groups.
- 2009: The House of Commons established June as National Aboriginal History Month (now National Indigenous History Month).
- 2017: The name was officially changed to National Indigenous Peoples Day.
Importance of the Day
National Indigenous Peoples Day serves as a reminder of the historical injustices faced by Indigenous communities, including colonization and residential schools. Events often include discussions and educational sessions aimed at raising awareness and promoting social justice.
This day fosters reconciliation and encourages all Canadians to appreciate Indigenous cultures. Government institutions, schools and organizations participate by organizing activities and providing educational resources.
How to participate in National Indigenous Peoples Day
National Indigenous Peoples Day features ceremonies and celebrations across Canada. You can recognize the day by:
- Attending events that focus on traditional Indigenous music, dance and storytelling sessions such as powwows
- Supporting Indigenous artists and artisans by purchasing or exploring their work
- Engaging in educational workshops
- Gathering to enjoy and share Indigenous cuisine